Liindasteri tseo re neng re li sebeletsa

Ho Hlahisoa ha Oli libakeng tsa Oilfields

Mehala ea taolo e sebetsa joang lilibeng?

Litsela tsa ho laola li nolofalletsa phetiso ea matšoao, li lumella ho fumanoa ha data ho theolelo, le ho laola tumello le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho theoha.

Taelo le matshwao a taolo a ka romelwa ho tloha sebakeng se ka hodimo ho ya ho sesebediswa sa ho theosa sedibeng.Lintlha tse tsoang ho li-sensor tsa li-downhole li ka romelloa lits'ebetsong tse ka holimo bakeng sa ho hlahlojoa kapa ho sebelisoa lits'ebetsong tse itseng tsa seliba.

Li-valve tsa tšireletso tsa Downhole (DHSVs) ke li-valve tse laoloang ka tlas'a metsi (SCSSV) tse tsamaisoang ka metsi ho tloha phanele ea taolo holim'a metsi.Ha khatello ea hydraulic e sebelisoa ho theosa le mohala oa taolo, khatello e qobella sleeve ka har'a valve hore e thelle fatše, e bula valve.Ha e lokolla khatello ea hydraulic, valve ea koala.

Methapo ea li-hydraulic hydraulic ea Meilong Tube e sebelisoa haholo-holo e le mekhoa ea puisano bakeng sa lisebelisoa tsa ho theola metsi ka har'a oli, khase le liliba tsa ente ea metsi, moo ho hlokahalang nako e telele le ho hanyetsa maemo a feteletseng.Mela ena e ka hlophisoa ka tloaelo bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse fapaneng le likarolo tse tlase.

Lisebelisoa tsohle tse kentsoeng li tsitsitse ka metsi 'me li tsamaisana le maro a tloaelehileng a ho tlatsa hantle, ho kenyelletsa le khase e phahameng haholo.Khetho ea thepa e ipapisitse le mekhoa e fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa mocheso o tlase, ho thatafala, ho tsitsipana le matla a ho taboha, ho monya metsi le ho kenella ha khase, oxidation, abrasion le lik'hemik'hale tse hanyetsanang.

Mehala ea taolo e bile le nts'etsopele e pharalletseng, ho kenyeletsoa tlhahlobo ea silakanya le papiso e phahameng ea khatello ea autoclave.Liteko tsa ho pshatla laboratoring li bonts'itse keketseho e ntseng e eketseha eo ka tlas'a eona li-tubing tse kentsoeng li ka bolokang bots'epehi ba ts'ebetso, haholo moo "lithapo tse kholo" li sebelisoang.

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ESP-Thepa-kakaretso

Li-control line li sebelisoa hokae?

★ Liliba tse bohlale tse hlokang ts'ebetso le melemo ea taolo ea polokelo ea lisebelisoa tse laolang phallo e hole ka lebaka la litšenyehelo kapa likotsi tsa ho kenella kapa ho se khone ho tšehetsa meralo ea motheo e hlokahalang sebakeng se hole.

★ Naha, sethala, kapa tikoloho e ka tlas'a leoatle.

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Pheliso ea Matla a Geothermal

Mefuta ea Limela

Ha e le hantle ho na le mefuta e meraro ea limela tsa mocheso oa mocheso o sebelisoang ho fehla motlakase.Mofuta oa semela o khethoa haholo-holo ke mofuta oa mohlodi oa mocheso oa mocheso setšeng.

Se bitsoang "direct steam geothermal plant" se sebelisoa ha mohloli oa mocheso oa mocheso o hlahisang mouoane ka ho toba ho tloha selibeng.Mouoane, ka mor'a hore o fete ka har'a li-separators (tse tlosang lehlabathe le lenyenyane le likaroloana tsa majoe) o feptjoa ho turbine.Ena e ne e le mefuta ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea limela tse entsoeng Italy le US Ka bomalimabe, mehloli ea mouoane ke eona e fumanehang ka seoelo ho feta mefuta eohle ea mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso 'me e teng libakeng tse seng kae feela lefatšeng.Ho hlakile hore limela tsa mouoane li ke ke tsa sebelisoa mehloling ea mocheso o tlase.

Limela tsa Flash steam li sebelisoa maemong ao mohloli oa mocheso oa mocheso o hlahisang mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso kapa motsoako oa mouoane le metsi a chesang.Mokelikeli o tsoang selibeng o isoa ka tankeng ea flash moo karolo e 'ngoe ea metsi e phatsimang ho ea mouoane ebe e lebisoa ho turbine.Metsi a setseng a lebisitsoe ho lahla (hangata ente).Ho itšetlehile ka mocheso oa sesebelisoa ho ka khoneha ho sebelisa mekhahlelo e 'meli ea litanka tsa flash.Tabeng ena, metsi a arohaneng sethaleng sa pele sa tanka a lebisitsoe ho tanka ea flash ea mohato oa bobeli moo mouoane o fetang (empa o tlaase) o arohaneng.Metsi a setseng ho tloha tanka ea mothati oa bobeli joale a lebisoa ho lahla.Se bitsoang double flash plant se isa mouoane ka likhatello tse peli tse fapaneng ho turbine.Hape, mofuta ona oa semela o ke ke oa sebelisoa mehloling ea mocheso o tlase.

Mofuta oa boraro oa semela sa matla a mocheso oa mocheso o bitsoang "binary plant".Lebitso lena le tsoa 'neteng ea hore mokelikeli oa bobeli oa potoloho e koetsoeng o sebelisoa ho tsamaisa turbine ho fapana le mouoane oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso.Setšoantšo sa 1 se hlahisa setšoantšo se nolofalitsoeng sa semela sa geothermal sa mofuta oa binary.Mokelikeli oa mocheso oa mocheso o fetisetsoa ka mochine o futhumatsang o bitsoang boiler kapa vaporizer (limeleng tse ling, li-heaters tse peli tse latellanang, ea pele ke preheater 'me ea bobeli ke mouoane) moo mocheso o tsoang mokelikeli oa mocheso oa mocheso o fetisetsoang mokelikeling o sebetsang o etsa hore o belise. .Mekelikeli e fetileng e neng e sebetsa mochesong o tlase oa limela tsa binary e ne e le lihatsetsi tsa CFC (mofuta oa Freon).Mechini ea hajoale e sebelisa li-hydrocarbon (isobutane, pentane joalo-joalo) tsa lihatsetsi tsa mofuta oa HFC tse nang le mokelikeli o khethehileng o khethiloeng ho tsamaisana le mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso o phahameng oa mocheso.

Setšoantšo sa 1.Binary geothermal power plant

Setšoantšo sa 1. Binary fektheri ea matla a mocheso

Mouoane o sebetsang oa mokelikeli o fetisetsoa ho turbine moo matla a eona a fetoloang ho matla a mochine ebe o tsamaisoa, ka shaft ho jenereithara.Mouoane o tsoa ka har'a turbine ho ea condenser moo o fetoloang ho ba mokelikeli.Limeleng tse ngata, metsi a pholileng a potoloha pakeng tsa condenser le tora e pholileng ho thibela mocheso ona sepakapakeng.Mokhoa o mong ke ho sebelisa seo ho thoeng ke "dry coolers" kapa air cooled condenser tse hanang mocheso ka kotloloho moeeng ntle le tlhoko ea metsi a pholileng.Moralo ona ha e le hantle o felisa tšebeliso efe kapa efe ea metsi e sebelisoang ke semela bakeng sa ho pholisa.Pholiso e omileng, hobane e sebetsa maemong a mocheso a holimo (haholo-holo nakong ea lehlabula) ho feta litora tsa ho pholisa ho fella ka katleho e tlase ea semela.Mokelikeli o sebetsang o tsoang ho condenser o pompeloa ho khutlela ho preheater/vaporizer ea khatello e phahameng ka pompo ea phepelo ho pheta potoloho.

The binary cycle ke mofuta oa semela se neng se tla sebelisoa bakeng sa lits'ebetso tse tlase tsa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso o tlase.Hajoale, lisebelisoa tsa binary tse kantle ho sethala li fumaneha ka li-module tsa 200 ho isa ho 1,000 kW.

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MATLA MATHEO

Lisebelisoa tsa Matla a Matla

Mokhoa oa ho hlahisa motlakase ho tsoa mohloling oa mocheso o tlase oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso oa mocheso o tlase (kapa ho tsoa mouoane setsing se tloaelehileng sa motlakase) o kenyelletsa mokhoa oo lienjiniere li o bitsang Seketsoana sa Rankine.Setsing sa motlakase se tloaelehileng, potoloho, joalo ka ha ho bontšitsoe setšoantšong sa 1, e kenyelletsa boiler, turbine, jenereithara, condenser, pompo ea metsi a fepa, tora e pholileng le pompo ea metsi a pholileng.Mouoane o hlahisoa ka har'a boiler ka ho chesa libeso (mashala, oli, khase kapa uranium).Mouoane o fetisetsoa ho turbine moo, ha o atoloha khahlano le likhaba tsa turbine, matla a mocheso ka har'a mouoane o fetoloa matla a mochini a bakang ho potoloha ha turbine.Ts'ebetso ena ea mochini e fetisetsoa, ​​ka shaft ho jenereithara moo e fetoloang matla a motlakase.Kamora ho feta ka har'a turbine mouoane o fetoloa ho ba metsi a metsi ka har'a condenser ea setsi sa motlakase.Ka ts'ebetso ea condensation, mocheso o sa sebelisoeng ke turbine o lokolloa metsing a pholileng.Metsi a pholileng, a isoa tora e pholileng moo "mocheso o litšila" o tsoang potolohong o hanoa sepakapakeng.Mouoane condensate e fetisetsoa ho boiler ka pompo ea phepelo ho pheta mokhoa ona.

Ka kakaretso, semela sa motlakase ke potoloho feela e thusang phetoho ea matla ho tloha mofuteng o mong ho ea ho o mong.Tabeng ena matla a lik'hemik'hale ka har'a mafura a fetoloa mocheso (ka boiler), ebe o fetoha matla a mochine (ka turbine) 'me qetellong a fetoha matla a motlakase (ka jenereithara).Leha matla a sehlahiswa sa ho qetela, e leng motlakase, hangata a hlahiswa ka diyuniti tsa watts-hora kapa kilowatt-hours (1000 watt-hours kapa 1kW-hr), dipalo tsa tshebetso ya semela hangata di etswa ka diyuniti tsa BTU's.Ho bonolo ho hopola hore 1 kilowatt-hora ke matla a lekanang le 3413 BTU.E 'ngoe ea liqeto tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa mabapi le polante ea motlakase ke hore na ho hlokahala matla a makae (mafura) ho hlahisa tlhahiso e fanoeng ea motlakase.

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Li-umbilicals tsa Subsea

Mesebetsi e ka Sehloohong

Fana ka matla a haeteroliki ho litsamaiso tsa taolo ea maoatle, joalo ka ho bula/ho koala li-valve

Fana ka matla a motlakase le matšoao a taolo ho litsamaiso tsa taolo ea maoatle

Fana ka lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhahiso bakeng sa ente e ka tlas'a leoatle sefateng kapa sekoti

Fana ka khase bakeng sa ts'ebetso ea ho phahamisa khase

Ho fana ka ts'ebetso ena, mokhubu oa metsi a tebileng a ka kenyelletsa

Li-tubes tsa ente ea lik'hemik'hale

Li-tubes tsa phepelo ea hydraulic

Lithapo tsa pontšo ea motlakase

Lithapo tsa Motlakase

Letšoao la fiber optic

Li-tubes tse kholo tsa ho phahamisa khase

Subsea umbilical ke kopano ea li-hose tsa hydraulic tse ka kenyelletsang lithapo tsa motlakase kapa likhoele tsa optic, tse sebelisetsoang ho laola meaho e ka tlas'a leoatle ho tloha sethaleng sa lebopo kapa sekepe se phaphametseng.Ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tsamaiso ea tlhahiso ea maoatle, ntle le eo tlhahiso ea petroleum e tsitsitseng ea moruo e ke keng ea khoneha.

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Likarolo Tsa Sehlooho

Kopano e kaholimo ho Umbilical Termination Assembly (TUTA)

The Topside Umbilical Termination Assembly (TUTA) e fana ka sehokelo pakeng tsa mokhubu o moholo le thepa ea taolo e ka holimo.Setsi sena ke sebaka se emeng sa mahala se ka tlangoa ka boutu kapa sa chesetsoa sebakeng se haufi le mokhubu sebakeng se kotsi se pepeneneng holim'a setsi se ka holimo.Hangata likarolo tsena li etselitsoe litlhoko tsa bareki ka sepheo sa hydraulic, pneumatic, power, signal, fiber optic le khetho ea thepa.

TUTA hangata e kenyelletsa mabokose a mateano a motlakase bakeng sa matla a motlakase le likhoele tsa puisano, hammoho le mosebetsi oa li-tube, li-gauge, le li-valve tse thibelang mali bakeng sa phepelo e nepahetseng ea haeteroliki le lik'hemik'hale.

(Subsea) Umbilical Termination Assembly (UTA)

UTA, e lutseng ka holim'a seretse sa seretse, ke tsamaiso ea electro-hydraulic multiplexed e lumella li-modules tse ngata tsa ho laola subsea hore li hokahane le melaetsa e tšoanang ea puisano, motlakase le hydraulic.Phello ke hore liliba tse ngata li ka laoloa ka mokhubu o le mong.Ho tloha ho UTA, likhokahano ho liliba ka bomong le li-SCM li entsoe ka likopano tsa jumper.

Tšepe Flying Leads (SFL)

Litsela tse fofang li fana ka likhokahano tsa motlakase / haeteroliki / lik'hemik'hale ho tloha UTA ho ea lifateng ka bomong / li-pods tsa taolo.Ke karolo ea tsamaiso ea kabo ea maoatle e tsamaisang lits'ebetso tsa mokhubu ho lipehelo tsa bona tsa lits'ebeletso tse reriloeng.Hangata li kenngoa ka mor'a mokhubu 'me li kopantsoe ke ROV.

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Lisebelisoa tsa Umbilical

Ho itšetlehile ka mefuta ea kopo, lisebelisoa tse latelang li fumaneha hangata:

Thermoplastic
Melemo: E theko e tlase, e fana ka kapele, 'me ha e khathale
Cons: Ha e loketse metsi a tebileng;bothata ba ho lumellana le lik'hemik'hale;botsofali, joalo-joalo.

Zinc e koahetsoeng ka Nitronic 19D duplex tšepe e sa hloekang

Melemo:

Theko e tlase ha e bapisoa le tšepe e sa hloekang ea duplex (SDSS)
Matla a chai a phahameng ha a bapisoa le 316L
Ho hanyetsa ho bola ka hare
E lumellana le ts'ebeletso ea ente ea hydraulic le boholo ba lik'hemik'hale
E tšoaneleha bakeng sa tšebeletso e matla

Mathata:

Tšireletso ea ka ntle ea kutu e hlokahalang - zinki e fetisitsoeng

Matšoenyeho ka ho tšepahala ha seam welds ka boholo bo itseng

Li-tubes li boima ebile li kholo ho feta SDSS e lekanang le eona - hang-hang le mathata a ho kenya

Sebetsa 316L

Melemo:
Theko e tlase
E hloka ts'ireletso e nyane kapa ha e eo ea cathodic ka nako e khuts'oane
Matla a tlhahiso e tlase
Tlhōlisano le thermoplastic bakeng sa khatello e tlaase, li-tiebacks tsa metsi a sa tebang - li theko e tlaase bakeng sa bophelo bo khutšoanyane ba tšimo
Mathata:
Ha e tšoanelehe bakeng sa tšebeletso e matla
chloride pitting habonolo

Super Duplex Stainless Steel (Pitting Resistance Equivalent - PRE >40)

Melemo:
Matla a phahameng a bolela bophara bo nyane, boima bo bobebe bakeng sa ho kenya le ho fanyeha.
Ho hanyetsa ho hoholo ha khatello ea maikutlo ho phatloha hoa chloride (e lekanang le "pitting resistance"> 40) ho bolela hore ha ho na ho roala kapa CP e hlokahalang.
Ts'ebetso ea Extrusion e bolela hore ha ho thata ho hlahloba li-welds tsa seam.
Mathata:
Sebopeho sa inter-metallic phase (sigma) nakong ea ho etsoa le ho cheselletsa se tlameha ho laoloa.
Theko e phahameng ka ho fetisisa, linako tse telele tsa ho etella pele tsa litšepe tse sebelisoang bakeng sa li-umbilical tubes

Zinc coated carbon steel (ZCCS)

Melemo:
Theko e tlase e amanang le SDSS
E tšoaneleha bakeng sa tšebeletso e matla
Mathata:
Seam se cheselitsoe
Ho hanyetsa ho hoholo ha ka hare ho feta 19D
Boima le bophara bo boholo ha bo bapisoa le SDSS

Komisi ea mokhubu

Li-umbilicals tse sa tsoa kenngoa hangata li na le maro a polokelo ho tsona.Mekelikeli ea polokelo e lokela ho tlosoa ke lihlahisoa tse reriloeng pele li sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso.Tlhokomelo e tlameha ho nkuoa ho shebana le mathata a ka bang teng a ho se lumellane a ka bakang pula le ho etsa hore li-tubes tsa umbilical li hokeloe.Mokelikeli o nepahetseng oa buffer oa hlokahala haeba ho se lumellane ho lebelletsoe.Mohlala, ho fana ka mohala oa asphaltene inhibitor, motsoako o kopaneng o kang EGMBE oa hlokahala ho fana ka buffer lipakeng tsa asphaltene inhibitor le mokelikeli oa polokelo kaha hangata ha li lumellane.